The 'Fasting Gene' May Extend Your Lifespan
We’ve discussed the connection between calorie restriction and longevity extensively. Calorie restriction has been shown to increase the lifespan of various species, and researchers suggest that this effect may also apply to humans when coupled with proper nutrition. The underlying question is: why does this happen?
A breakthrough from scientists at the Buck Institute has provided a clear answer: they have identified a fasting gene that is essential for promoting a healthier, longer lifespan and enhancing cognitive function.
Unlocking the potential of this gene could lead to extended and healthier lives for all without the need for extreme measures like strict dieting, fasting, or severe calorie restriction. Before delving into this further, let’s delve into the longevity advantages associated with calorie restriction.
Overview
The OXR1 gene safeguards neurons and delays brain aging by boosting the retromer system, which facilitates the recycling of cellular proteins and fats.
Studies have shown that calorie restriction can increase lifespan by up to 300% in animals and may potentially add five years to human life expectancy when practiced moderately.
A deeper understanding of the OXR1 gene could pave the way for interventions that replicate the benefits of calorie restriction without the need for extreme dietary restrictions.
Calorie Restriction Could Add Five Years To Your Life
Notable results from calorie restriction studies have demonstrated significant lifespan extensions of up to 300% in various species, ranging from yeast and worms to mice and monkeys.
Short-term human trials have indicated that by restricting calories, improvements in bloodwork suggest the potential to increase lifespan by up to five years. However, the challenge lies in the fact that this level of caloric restriction, which requires a one-third reduction in caloric intake, may be unfeasible for many individuals who enjoy food too much to endure such drastic cutbacks for a few additional years of life.
Researchers have pondered whether uncovering the mechanisms behind the effectiveness of calorie restriction could lead to strategies for extending lifespans without the need for dietary restrictions in the future. This could be the scientific solution to the age-old dilemma of "having your cake and eating it too!"
The Buck Institute, renowned for its research in aging, had previously identified various mechanisms involved in the anti-aging effects of calorie restriction. One aspect that piqued their interest was the impact of calorie restriction on brain function.
To delve deeper, they initiated a study involving 200 strains of flies.
The Importance Of A Single Gene
In their study, researchers at the Buck Institute raised flies with diverse genetic backgrounds on either a standard diet or one severely restricted to only ten percent of normal caloric intake. Through their investigation, the team identified five genes with specific variants that significantly influenced longevity under dietary restrictions, two of which had human genetic counterparts.
One of these genes, OXR1, was chosen for further analysis. This gene is known to shield cells from damage caused by free radicals, and its depletion can result in severe neurological issues and premature death. However, the mechanism by which a neuron-active gene impacts lifespan was previously unknown.
The Buck team conducted extensive tests to unravel this mystery. Their findings revealed that dietary restriction slows down brain aging by preserving the retromer system through OXR1.
What is the retromer? It is a group of proteins essential for recycling cellular proteins and lipids (fats).
Kenneth Wilson, the lead author of the research published in the journal Nature Communications in January, elaborates: “The retromer plays a crucial role in neurons by determining the fate of all proteins entering the cell."
“Diet influences the expression of this gene. By reducing food intake, you enhance the proper sorting of proteins within your cells since the expression of OXR1 improves."
“When individuals cut back on food consumption, they typically think about its effects on their digestive system or fat accumulation, but often overlook its impact on the brain. However, this gene proves to be vital in brain health."
“Diet affects all bodily processes. This study supports the importance of maintaining a healthy diet because what you eat can have far-reaching consequences.”
Our Perspective
We wholeheartedly agree. A fundamental approach to combat aging signs and symptoms is to maintain a healthy diet, such as embracing a plant-rich diet, which naturally limits caloric intake. For those seeking further benefits without the need for a 30% calorie reduction, Pankaj Kapahi, a professor at Buck Institute and senior study author, recommends exploring intermittent fasting.
Summary
The Buck Institute scientists have identified the OXR1 gene as a key player in the anti-aging effects of calorie restriction. This gene aids in protecting brain cells by maintaining the retromer system, which is crucial for recycling cellular proteins and fats. While calorie restriction has shown promise in extending lifespans across multiple species, activating this gene could potentially offer similar benefits without the need for extreme dietary changes. In the interim, adopting a healthy, plant-rich diet and practices like intermittent fasting remain effective strategies for promoting longevity.