High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: The Heart-Protecting Compound That Might Also Benefit Your Memory

Your doctor likely talked to you about LDL (low-density lipoproteins), commonly known as "bad cholesterol," in relation to heart health.

Following that, they likely checked your HDL (high-density lipoproteins), also known as "good cholesterol," levels.

Higher levels of HDL can lower the risk of heart disease and stroke. Additionally, studies suggest that HDL may have a significant role in maintaining brain health, potentially reducing the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.source

HDL is called the good cholesterol because it helps absorb LDL cholesterol and transport it back to the liver for breakdown and removal from the body, preventing blockages in blood vessels and arteries.

The Relationship Between HDL and Brain Health

A recent research study carried out by the University of Southern California Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center involved 180 healthy individuals aged 60 and above.

Through ion mobility, scientists measured and counted HDL particles in the blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of the participants. Additionally, 141 individuals underwent cognitive evaluations.

The results showed that individuals with higher levels of small HDL particles in the brain performed better on cognitive tests and had fewer amyloid plaques, regardless of age, education level, or APOE4 gene carrier status, which is linked to a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease. The positive effects were more noticeable in participants without cognitive impairments.

The study was published in the journal Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association.¹

Research Findings and Possible Alzheimer’s Therapies

Dr. Hussein Yassine, the primary author of the research, emphasized the implications of the results, suggesting that mechanisms that promote the production of small HDL in the brain could help prevent Alzheimer’s disease.

He proposes that these particles could act as cleaners in the brain, removing the peptides that create amyloid plaques and potentially slowing down the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. By identifying effective interventions like diet, physical activity, and medications that increase small HDL levels in the brain, there is hope for brain protection.

Although emphasizing the need for further research, Dr. Paul Schulz, a neurologist at UTHealth Houston, mentions that this study encourages a deeper investigation into HDL's impact on brain health.²²

As more research is conducted, potential compounds that positively affect brain fat metabolism could significantly reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Despite the necessity for a larger study group, these findings are important.

According to Dr. Yassine, this study is the first to link small HDL particles in the brain to enhanced cognitive function.

"The small HDL particles maintain brain health even before cognitive decline begins," Dr. Yassine explains. "This opens up opportunities for interventions like exercise or medications to preserve brain health."

Overview

While genetics do influence HDL levels, lifestyle changes can naturally increase them. Methods to boost HDL levels and overall brain health include regular physical activity and consuming foods high in unsaturated fats, like avocados, salmon, and olive oil. Additionally, adding antioxidant-rich purple foods such as eggplant, red cabbage, and blueberries can help elevate good HDL cholesterol levels.