What is the reason for the higher COVID mortality rate in men compared to women?
Written by Susan Parker | Updated on June 22, 2025
Reviewed by Susan Parker
11 sources cited
Overview
With the ongoing global spread of the COVID-19 virus, it is increasingly clear that older individuals and those with underlying health conditions are at higher risk. However, there is a less discussed demographic facing significant dangers from the virus - men.
Men.
Studies have revealed that men who contract COVID-19 are more prone to severe illness and have a higher mortality rate compared to women. While the exact reasons for this discrepancy are not fully understood, researchers have identified potential factors contributing to why men are more susceptible to the virus.
Increased Mortality Risk
Research from China shows that although men and women have an equal likelihood of contracting COVID-19, men are at a substantially higher risk of severe illness and death. Elderly men face the greatest risk, with over 70% of COVID-19-related deaths in China occurring in men, resulting in a death rate nearly 2.5 times higher than that of women. This elevated risk applies across all age groups.
Studies in Europe suggest that the immune response of men to the virus may contribute to the severity of COVID-19 in males. Men often display an exaggerated inflammatory response that can lead to adverse outcomes, including mortality.
The Role of Testosterone
Research in Turkey indicates that COVID-19 can reduce testosterone levels in men, potentially worsening the severity and prognosis of the infection. Low testosterone levels have been linked to increased risks of respiratory infections and negative outcomes in male patients, especially those in intensive care units.
Researchers highlight the importance of monitoring testosterone levels in male COVID-19 patients and propose that testosterone therapy could positively impact outcomes. Further research is necessary to explore the potential benefits of testosterone treatment in managing COVID-19.
Protective Role of Hormones in Women
Female reproductive hormones, such as progesterone and estrogen, may provide protection against COVID-19 in women by regulating the immune system and inflammation. These hormones, which are significantly elevated during pregnancy, might explain why pregnant women exposed to the virus often have mild or asymptomatic cases.
Although pregnant women have a lower risk of severe illness from COVID-19, the decline in hormone levels postpartum increases their vulnerability to the disease. Researchers call for further investigations into the impact of hormones on combating COVID-19, especially in at-risk populations like pregnant women and the elderly.
Potential Role of Hormones in Elderly Vulnerability
The decline in hormone levels associated with aging may contribute to the increased susceptibility of older individuals to COVID-19. Studies suggest that maintaining balanced hormone levels, possibly through diets rich in phytoestrogens, could strengthen the immune system and improve resilience against the virus.
Researchers emphasize the significance of nutrition in supporting immune function and recommend exploring the role of diet in reducing the risks linked to COVID-19.
